Short answers, pulled from the story.
Gregory of Nazianzus was born to Greek parents in the family estate of Karbala outside the village of Arianzus, near Nazianzus, in southwest Cappadocia. His parents were wealthy land-owners who raised him there before he pursued advanced studies elsewhere.
Gregory of Nazianzus is the first theologian to use the idea of procession to describe the relationship between the Holy Spirit and the Godhead. He emphasized that the Holy Spirit comes forth from the Father not by generation but by procession, a concept that later shaped Western theology through the Filioque clause.
Gregory of Nazianzus resigned his office after facing opposition from Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who deemed his transfer from the See of Sasima canonically illegitimate. He chose to step down rather than risk further division within the church during the First Council of Constantinople.
Gregory of Nazianzus spent six peaceful years in retirement at his family estate of Arianzus after withdrawing from episcopal duties. He died on the 25th of January 390 following this period of solitude and composition of his poetical works.
Emperor Theodosius I supported Gregory of Nazianzus when he arrived in Constantinople in 379 to lead a theological campaign against Arianism. Theodosius convened the First Council of Constantinople in 381 where Gregory served as president until his resignation.