Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Greenland ice sheet first covered most of the island approximately 2.6 million years ago. This formation occurred after atmospheric carbon dioxide levels dropped to between 280 and 320 parts per million around 2.7 to 2.6 million years ago.
The oldest soil continuously covered by ice near the summit of the Greenland ice sheet dates back around 2.7 million years. Scientists drilled long ice cores into this area between 1989 and 1993 to study these ancient conditions.
Average annual mass loss reached 286 gigatons between 2010 and 2018, with half of the observed net loss of 3,902 gigatons occurring during those eight years alone. As of 2022, the Greenland ice sheet had been losing ice for 26 consecutive years.
Kangerlussuaq Glacier in southeast Greenland is over 50 kilometers long and flows at speeds that increased from 4 kilometers per year between 1988 and 1995 to 14 kilometers per year in 2005. This makes it the third largest glacier in the region.
An automatic weather station recorded a temperature of -57 degrees Celsius on the 22nd of December 1991 near the topographic summit. This remains the lowest ever recorded temperature in the Northern Hemisphere.