Short answers, pulled from the story.
Graham E. Fuller was an American author and political analyst born on the 28th of November 1936. He served 20 years as a CIA operations officer, with postings in Germany, Turkey, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, North Yemen, Afghanistan, and Hong Kong. He rose to become Kabul CIA Station Chief and later vice-chairman of the National Intelligence Council.
In 1985, Fuller co-authored an internal CIA study with Howard Teicher arguing that the United States could counter Soviet influence over Iran by selling arms to the country. The document was publicly identified in 1987 as instrumental in the Reagan administration's decision to secretly contact Iranian leaders, a chain of events that led to the covert sale of American weapons to Tehran in what became the Iran-Contra affair.
On the 1st of December 2017, Istanbul prosecutors issued a warrant alleging Fuller was involved in planning the failed Turkish coup attempt of the 15th of July 2016. The warrant claimed he met with other suspects on the island of Buyukada near Istanbul on the night of the attempt. Fuller denied the allegations, stating he was addressing a group of roughly a hundred people in western Canada that same night and had not visited Turkey in five years.
In a 2014 interview, Fuller said he believed the United States was one of the key creators of ISIS, though he specified the United States did not plan ISIS's formation. He argued that American military interventions in the Middle East and the war in Iraq were the basic causes of ISIS's rise.
Fuller established Bozorg Press in 2012 as an independent self-publishing venture. The name Bozorg means "large" or "great" in Persian. Under that imprint he published Turkey and the Arab Spring in 2014 and a novel called Bear in 2016.
Graham E. Fuller died on the 29th of January 2026, at the age of 89, after suffering from serious heart-related health problems.