Short answers, pulled from the story.
Grace Hopper was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and United States Navy rear admiral who helped invent machine-independent programming languages. She developed FLOW-MATIC and helped create COBOL, an early high-level programming language still used today. She lived from the 9th of December 1906 to the 1st of January 1992.
Grace Hopper devised the theory of machine-independent programming languages and used it to develop FLOW-MATIC and COBOL. She also built one of the first compilers, called A-0, while working at the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. She is also credited with writing the first computer manual, for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator.
Grace Hopper was sworn into the United States Navy Reserve in 1943, after obtaining a leave of absence from her teaching post at Vassar College. She trained at the Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School at Smith College and graduated first in her class in 1944.
In 1947, while Grace Hopper was working on a Mark II computer at Harvard, her associates found a moth stuck in a relay and taped it into the log book with the note 'First actual case of bug being found.' The episode is remembered as an early instance of the term debugging, and Hopper is credited with popularizing it in computing.
Grace Hopper retired from the Navy on the 14th of August 1986, after a career that spanned more than 42 years, making her the oldest serving member of the Navy at the time. She was promoted to commodore in 1983 and became a rear admiral, lower half, when the rank was renamed in 1985.
Things named after Grace Hopper include a U.S. Navy guided-missile destroyer, the Cray XE6 'Hopper' supercomputer at NERSC, and Nvidia's 'Hopper' GPU architecture. Yale University renamed a college in her honor, and the U.S. Naval Academy's Hopper Hall was the first service academy building named for a woman.