Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Golden Age of Russian Poetry covers the first half of the 19th century. Philologists apply the name to this period because of the extraordinary concentration of major Russian poets it produced. It is also called the Age of Pushkin after its most celebrated figure.
The critic Peter Pletnev first applied the label in 1824, calling the era "the Golden Age of Russian Literature." His characterization was adopted by later scholars and became the standard designation for the period.
Alexander Pushkin was considered by scholars to be the most significant Russian poet of the period, and some called the era after him directly. Vladimir Nabokov described Pushkin as the greatest poet the world was blessed with since Shakespeare.
Mikhail Lermontov and Fyodor Tyutchev are generally regarded as the two most important Romantic poets of the period after Pushkin. Other prominent poets of the era include Pyotr Vyazemsky, Anton Delvig, Kondraty Ryleyev, Vasily Zhukovsky, and Konstantin Batyushkov.
Pushkin considered Evgeny Baratynsky to be the finest poet of his day. This private assessment differed from the broader critical consensus that placed Pushkin himself at the summit of the Golden Age.
Nabokov described Pushkin as the greatest poet this world was blessed with since the time of Shakespeare. This assessment is frequently cited to convey the scale of Pushkin's reputation within Russian literary tradition.