Short answers, pulled from the story.
Go Nagai is credited with creating the super robot genre with Mazinger Z, pioneering the magical girl genre with Cutie Honey, creating the post-apocalyptic manga and anime genre with Violence Jack, and founding modern erotic manga with Harenchi Gakuen.
Go Nagai was born on the 6th of September 1945 in Wajima, a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. His family had recently returned from Shanghai before his birth.
Go Nagai's first professional manga work was Meakashi Polikichi, a short gag comedy one-shot published in November 1967 in the magazine Bokura by Kodansha. His professional career began after he had worked as an assistant to manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori.
Harenchi Gakuen was the first manga to introduce overt eroticism into children's comics in Japan. Parents, women's associations, and PTAs protested against it, leading to blocked distribution in some parts of Japan. Nagai was publicly branded an enemy of society.
Mazinger Z introduced the concept of a giant robot piloted by a human from within an interior cockpit, a design never seen in manga before. It created the super robot genre and inspired numerous sequels and imitations, including Great Mazinger, Grendizer, and Mazinkaiser.
Directors, manga artists, and writers who have cited Go Nagai as an influence include Hideaki Anno (Neon Genesis Evangelion), Kentaro Miura (Berserk), Gen Urobuchi, Kazuki Nakashima, Goichi Suda, Kazuki Takahashi (Yu-Gi-Oh!), and Tatsuki Fujimoto (Chainsaw Man).