Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Glenn L. Martin Company was founded on the 16th of August, 1912, by aviation pioneer Glenn Luther Martin in Santa Ana, California. A second incarnation of the company was established on the 10th of September, 1917, headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, after Martin left the short-lived Wright-Martin Aircraft Company merger.
During World War II, the Glenn L. Martin Company built the B-26 Marauder (5,288 units), the A-22 Maryland bomber, the PBM Mariner flying boat (1,366 units), and 531 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses at its Nebraska plant near Omaha. Among the B-29s were the Enola Gay and Bockscar, which dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The Martin Company built the Vanguard rocket for Project Vanguard, the Titan I and Titan II ICBMs, and the Titan III family of over 100 rockets including the Titan IIIC and Titan IIIE. The Titan IV, the company's largest booster, launched the Cassini probe to Saturn in 1997, and Titan III variants launched both Voyager probes and both Viking probes to Mars.
Donald Douglas (founder of Douglas Aircraft), Lawrence Dale Bell (founder of Bell Aircraft), and James S. McDonnell (founder of McDonnell Aircraft) all worked at the Glenn L. Martin Company early in their careers. Glenn Martin also personally taught William Boeing to fly and sold him his first airplane.
The first known air-to-naval bombing runs in history were carried out in 1913 using a Martin Pusher biplane purchased by Mexican insurgents from the state of Sonora. The aircraft, named Sonora, was shipped on the 5th of May, 1913, to Tucson, Arizona, smuggled across the border into Naco, Sonora, reassembled, and armed with three-inch pipe bombs before being used to attack federal naval forces at the port of Guaymas.
In 1961, the Martin Company merged with American-Marietta Corporation to form Martin Marietta Corporation. In 1995, Martin Marietta merged with Lockheed Corporation, then the nation's second-largest defense contractor, to form Lockheed Martin Corporation, which became the largest defense company in the world.