Short answers, pulled from the story.
Nazi Germany invaded and occupied Estonia from July 1941 to 1944, following Operation Barbarossa. The Soviet Union had previously occupied Estonia from June 1940 after the Nazi-Soviet Pact of August 1939.
Of the approximately 4,300 Jews in Estonia before the war, almost 1,000 were trapped when the Nazis arrived; the rest had fled or been deported by the Soviets. Estonia was declared Judenfrei at the Wannsee Conference, and fewer than a dozen Estonian Jews are known to have survived the war inside Estonia. The Nazi regime also established 22 concentration and labor camps on occupied Estonian territory for Jews brought from other countries.
The Estonian Forest Brothers were armed partisan fighters who numbered around 50,000 and resisted Soviet forces beginning the 22nd of June 1941, before German troops crossed the Estonian border. They inflicted heavy casualties on retreating Soviet units, with as many as 4,800 Soviets killed and 14,000 captured. Under Friedrich Kurg, they drove Soviet forces from Tartu without German assistance.
The maximum number of Estonians enrolled in German military units reached 70,000. After Jüri Uluots delivered a radio address on the 7th of February 1944 urging military service, 38,000 conscripts registered. The original volunteer Estonian Legion formed in 1942 eventually grew into the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian).
Estonian political leaders formed an underground government to preserve legal continuity of the Republic of Estonia. On the 18th of September 1944, Jüri Uluots formed a government led by Deputy Prime Minister Otto Tief. After the Soviet takeover, the government fled to Stockholm and operated in exile until 1992, when Heinrich Mark presented credentials to newly elected President Lennart Meri.
Generalbezirk Estland was the administrative unit that Germany established for occupied Estonia on the 5th of December 1941. It was subordinated to the Reichskommissariat Ostland, an administrative subdivision of the German Reich. SA-Obergruppenführer Karl-Siegmund Litzmann served as Generalkommissar from 1941 to 1944.