Short answers, pulled from the story.
The year 1304 marks the creation of an imperial eagle that would eventually become the Bundesadler, the heraldic animal of today's national emblem. This symbol emerged from the coat of arms of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Germany.
Johann Gottfried Herder developed the concept of nationalism itself around 1770 when German nationalism truly began. Scholars such as Alexander of Roes and Lupold of Bebenburg had reflected on the role of Germans within the European order during the early thirteenth century.
Aggressive German nationalism and territorial expansion were key factors leading to both World Wars. Before World War I, Germany had established a colonial empire which became the third-largest after Britain and France.
The 1935 Nuremberg Laws sought to determine by law and genetics who was to be considered German. The Generalplan Ost called for the extermination, expulsion, Germanization or enslavement of most or all Czechs, Poles, Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians.
The 1990 elections put a government in place that negotiated the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany and reunited East and West Germany. Die Wende arrived in the late 1980s driven by the East German people leading to these events.