Questions about German military administration in occupied France during World War II
Short answers, pulled from the story.
What was the German military administration in occupied France?
The German military administration in France was the interim occupation authority Nazi Germany set up to govern occupied northern and western France during the Second World War. It formally existed from May 1940 to December 1944, while the Vichy government nominally ran the rest of the country from the town of Vichy in Auvergne.
When did the German military administration in France begin and end?
The German military administration in France formally existed from May 1940 to December 1944, though most of its territory was already liberated by the Allies by the end of summer 1944. Its authority followed the armistice signed on the 22nd of June 1940 and ended with the Liberation of France after the Normandy and Provence landings.
How was France divided under the German military administration?
France was divided into an occupied zone in the north and west and a free zone in the south under Vichy, with a demarcation line between them requiring a laissez-passer to cross. In November 1942, after the invasion codenamed Case Anton, Germany occupied the free zone too, renaming the two zones zone nord and zone sud.
Who collaborated with the German military administration in France?
Notable collaborators included Paul Touvier and Maurice Papon, supported by auxiliary forces such as the Milice, the Franc-Gardes and the Legionary Order Service. Two collaborationist political parties, the French Popular Party and the National Popular Rally, each counted 20,000 to 30,000 members.
What happened to Jews under the German military administration in France?
Jews in the occupied zone were required from 1942 to wear the yellow badge, and 13,152 were arrested in the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup on the 16th and the 17th of July 1942 before deportation to Auschwitz. According to a count by Serge Klarsfeld, slightly below 77,500 of the Jews living in France died during the war, out of a 1940 Jewish population of 350,000.
How did the German military administration in France end?
It ended with the Liberation of France, following the Allied Overlord and Dragoon landings in the summer of 1944, though a few fortified Atlantic submarine bases held out until Germany's capitulation in May 1945. Collaborators were later tried in the épuration légale, and Marshal Pétain was condemned to death on the 14th of August 1945 before his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment three days later.