Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Geographica is a 17-book encyclopedia of geographical knowledge written in Greek, attributed to Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent. It covers physical and political geography across the known world, from Iberia and Britain in the west to India and Central Asia in the east, and concludes with North Africa and Egypt.
The Geographica was written in the late first century BC or early first century AD. The scholar Dueck concludes it was written between 18 and 24 AD, based on internal evidence including a passage that dates to the summer of 19 AD and a reference to the death of Juba at no later than 23 AD.
The oldest surviving manuscript is a fragmentary palimpsest from the fifth century, now identified as Vaticanus gr. 2306 and 2061 A. It was erased and written over twice and is now split into three separate manuscripts. The earliest complete manuscript containing all 17 books dates to the thirteenth century.
The Geographica consists of 17 books. Book I covers the definition and history of geography, Books III through X cover Europe, Books XI through XVI cover Asia and the Middle East, and Book XVII covers North Africa including Egypt.
Pope Nicholas V commissioned the first Latin translation, which appeared around 1469. A second Latin translation appeared in 1472. These translations were probably used by Columbus and other early Renaissance explorers.
The first fully critical edition of the Geographica was completed in 2011 by Stefan Radt, published in ten volumes by Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht in Göttingen. Earlier semi-critical Greek texts by Kramer, Meineke, Müller, and Dübner appeared in the 1840s-50s but predated the discovery of key manuscript evidence.