Short answers, pulled from the story.
Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen created the first genetically modified organism in 1973 by inserting a kanamycin resistance gene into a bacterium. This event marked the beginning of a complex debate over what constitutes genetic modification.
The Flavr Savr tomato became the first commercialized GM food in 1994. China introduced virus-resistant tobacco commercially in 1992 before this milestone.
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety entered into force on the 11th of September 2003, governing the transfer and handling of genetically modified organisms. One hundred fifty-seven countries joined this international treaty to regulate these transfers.
Thirty-eight nations officially ban or prohibit GMO cultivation while nine others ban their importation. European Union regulations differentiate between approval for cultivation within member states versus import and processing permissions.
He Jiankui announced editing genomes of two human embryos in November 2018 attempting to disable CCR5 genes coding for HIV receptors. Twin girls named Lulu and Nana were born carrying functional copies alongside disabled versions of these genes.