Short answers, pulled from the story.
The General Government was a German zone of occupation established in central and southeastern Poland after the German, Slovak, and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. It was formally called the General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories and was administered entirely by German officials under Governor-General Hans Frank. The territory was never intended as a future Polish state but as a colonial holding to be Germanized.
Hans Frank served as the sole General-Governor for the entire duration of the General Government's existence. American troops captured him in May 1945, and he became one of the defendants at the Nuremberg Trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, sentenced to death on the 1st of October 1946, and hanged on the 16th of October 1946.
Four million of the territory's 1939 population had lost their lives by the time Soviet forces entered the area in late 1944. Most of the Jewish population, perhaps as many as two million people, had been rounded up and murdered. The General Government contained four of the seven World War II extermination camps, including Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, and the closely located Majdanek.
Operation Reinhard was the Nazi program for the systematic mass murder of Jewish people in the General Government. It was endorsed by State Secretary Josef Bühler at the Wannsee conference on the 20th of January 1942 and carried out through three top-secret camps equipped with gas chambers disguised as shower rooms. The genocide of chiefly millions of Jews was carried out by gassing between 1942 and 1944.
Daily caloric allocations as of December 1941 were strictly stratified by nationality. Germans received 2,310 calories per day, foreigners 1,790, Ukrainians 930, Poles 654, and Jews 184. In August 1942, the roughly 1.2 million Jews not performing jobs deemed important to Germany were removed from food allocation entirely.
The Warsaw Uprising was launched on the 1st of August 1944 by the Home Army under Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski in response to the advancing Soviet forces and calls from the Polish government in exile. After 63 days of fighting, leaders of the uprising agreed to a conditional surrender with the Wehrmacht. The 15,000 remaining Home Army soldiers were granted prisoner-of-war status, and 180,000 civilians were expelled from the city.