Short answers, pulled from the story.
Israel and Egypt signed an agreement on the 24th of February 1949 that drew a line separating their forces. This boundary became known as the Green Line and defined the modern borders of the Gaza Strip.
Israeli Defense Forces captured the Gaza Strip in June 1967 during the Six-Day War. Ariel Sharon led the Southern Command at that time.
Hamas won a plurality of 42.9% of the total vote in elections held on the 25th of January 2006. They secured 74 out of 132 seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council.
A total blockade began on the 9th of October 2023 when Israel declared war on Hamas. Defense Minister Yoav Gallant stated there would be no electricity, food, or fuel available.
The International Court of Justice noted on the 19th of July 2024 that sustained abuse of occupying power status violates fundamental principles of international law. The court concluded Israel should pay full reparations for damage caused by occupation policies.