Short answers, pulled from the story.
Garry Kasparov is a Russian chess grandmaster, political activist and writer who was World Chess Champion from 1985 to 2000. In 1985, at age 22, he became the youngest undisputed world champion by defeating Anatoly Karpov.
Garry Kasparov was born on the 13th of April 1963 in Baku, in the Azerbaijan SSR of the Soviet Union. He was born Garik Kimovich Weinstein and adopted his mother Klara's surname, Kasparov, at age twelve.
Yes. In May 1997, Garry Kasparov lost a six-game match to IBM's supercomputer Deep Blue in New York City by a score of 3 and a half to 2 and a half. It was the first defeat of a reigning world champion by a computer under tournament conditions.
Garry Kasparov's peak FIDE rating was 2851, achieved in 1999. It was the highest recorded rating until Magnus Carlsen reached 2861 in January 2013.
In 1993, after a bidding dispute, Kasparov and challenger Nigel Short rejected FIDE's bid for their championship match and played under their own Professional Chess Association instead. The split created two world champions and lasted 13 years. Kasparov later called it the worst mistake of his career.
Garry Kasparov announced in June 2013 that he had left Russia out of fear of persecution, following the mass protests that began in 2011. An opponent of Vladimir Putin, he later lived in New York City, obtained Croatian citizenship in 2014, and was designated a foreign agent by Russia in 2022.