Short answers, pulled from the story.
Genesis 2:10 through 14 lists four rivers associated with the Garden of Eden including Pishon, Gihon, Tigris, and Euphrates. The Tigris and Euphrates are two great rivers found in modern Iraq where they run into the sea at the head of the Persian Gulf.
The name Eden derives from an Akkadian term originating from a Sumerian word meaning pleasure or delight. The word paradise entered English via French inherited from Latin then Greek derived ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah which meant walled enclosure formed around something built or made.
YHWH-Elohim created a man named Adam and placed him in a garden planted eastward in Eden before forming a woman named Eve from a rib taken from Adam to serve as his companion. A serpent seduced both the man and the woman into eating the fruit from the prohibited tree and they were subsequently expelled from the garden to prevent them from accessing the tree of life and living forever.
Jewish eschatology distinguishes between two types of spiritual places called Garden in Eden including lower Eden known as terrestrial abundance and higher Eden envisioned as celestial habitation for immortal souls. In Islamic tradition the Quran uses the term Gardens of Perpetual Residence for the destination of the righteous but does not name Eve explicitly.
Scholars have identified parallels between the biblical story and ancient myths such as Dilmun from Sumerian stories about Enki and Ninhursag which served as a paradisaical abode of immortals where sickness and death were unknown. One of the oldest depictions of the Garden of Eden appears in Byzantine style within Ravenna where a preserved blue mosaic exists in the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.