Short answers, pulled from the story.
Archaeologists uncovered a game board inscribed for Amenhotep III in the 14th century BC. This artifact is now housed in the Brooklyn Museum and measures 5.5 by 7.7 centimeters with a height of 21 centimeters.
Ludwig Wittgenstein argued in his Philosophical Investigations that no single element defines what a game truly is. He claimed that terms like play, rules, and competition fail to adequately describe the entire category because people apply the word game to disparate activities sharing only family resemblances.
Roger Caillois defined a game as an activity chosen for its light-hearted character that is circumscribed in both time and place. He insisted the outcome must be unforeseeable and that participation accomplishes nothing useful outside the activity itself.
Most games contain two or all three elements including physical skill, mental strategy, and random luck. Many card and board games combine all three factors such as Risk, Settlers of Catan, and Carcassonne.
Tennis for Two dominated Visitor's Day at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1958. This event drew attention to the oscilloscope before online games became part of culture during the earliest days of networked computers.