Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Hebrew word Galil means "district" or "circle." The region's name first appears in Ancient Egyptian inscriptions from the 15th century BC. The Arabic name Al-Jalil means "illustrious" or "grand" and is linked by a 2005 Akkadian-Arabic comparative dictionary to a root cognate with the Sumerian word GAL, also meaning "great."
Herod Antipas was the son of Herod the Great, appointed tetrarch of Galilee by the Roman emperor Augustus after his father's death in 4 BCE. He rebuilt the city of Sepphoris and founded Tiberias in either 18 CE or 19 CE. His reign lasted forty-three years before the Romans exiled him for storing arms.
The editing of the Jerusalem Talmud, most of which took place in Tiberias in the Galilee, came to an abrupt halt by the middle of the 4th century CE. Scholar Yaacov Sussmann described the cessation as happening "as if severed by a sharp and sudden blade." The halt coincided with a broader demographic crisis in which Jewish settlements were abandoned and Christian villages grew in their place.
During the 1834 Arab revolt that followed Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt's takeover of Ottoman Galilee, rebel forces carried out what is known as the Safed Plunder, which greatly reduced the Jewish community there. Major earthquakes in 1834 and 1837 compounded the destruction by leveling most of the region's towns.
The Jesus Trail is a 40-mile (60-km) hiking trail for Christian pilgrims unveiled by Israel in April 2011. It links sites connected to the life of Jesus, including Tabgha, the traditional site of the miracle of the loaves and fishes, and the Mount of Beatitudes, and ends at Capernaum on the shores of the Sea of Galilee.
In 2006, Galilee had 1.2 million residents, of whom 47% were Jewish. The majority Arab population was primarily Muslim, with smaller populations of Druze and Christians. The eastern Galilee was nearly entirely Jewish, while the central Galilee surrounding Nazareth and Sakhnin had an Arab majority of 75%.