Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ancient Egyptian inscriptions from the 15th century BC mention a region called GLL or GRR meaning roll in Akkadian. The Hebrew Bible uses the term Galilee to mean district or circle while Isaiah 8:23 refers to this area as Galilee of the nations.
Mount Meron reaches an elevation of 1,208 meters making it the highest peak in the region. Most of Galilee consists of rocky terrain at heights ranging between 400 and 600 meters above sea level with high rainfall and mild temperatures creating conditions where flora thrives.
Archaeological survey conducted by Zvi Gal in Lower Galilee indicates that the area became deserted following the Assyrian conquest in the 8th century. The local Israelite population was carried off to Assyria after 732 BCE leaving survivors who built minor short-lived settlements in the Naħal Ọippori basin.
Herod Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee from 4 BCE until 39 CE before the Roman army led by Vespasian arrived in Acre in 67 CE. Cities like Gabara Jotapata Tiberias Taricheae Gamala Tabor and Gischala were captured or destroyed while many inhabitants were sold into slavery or fled.
Christian bishop Epiphanius reported in approximately 320 CE that all major cities and villages in Galilee were entirely Jewish. During the Byzantine period Christian settlement grew while Jewish populations declined leading to new Christian villages emerging on or near deserted locations.
In 2006 there were 1.2 million residents in Galilee of whom 47% were Jewish with most people living in small villages connected by relatively few roads due to hilly terrain. Main sources of livelihood throughout the area are agriculture and tourism while industrial parks bring further employment opportunities including recent immigrants.