Short answers, pulled from the story.
Fyodor Dostoevsky was a Russian philosopher, novelist, short story writer, essayist, and journalist born in Moscow in 1821. He is regarded as one of the greatest novelists in both Russian and world literature, and his works explore the human condition in 19th-century Russia.
Fyodor Dostoevsky's most acclaimed novels include Crime and Punishment from 1866, The Idiot from 1869, Demons from 1872, The Adolescent from 1875, and The Brothers Karamazov from 1880. His 1864 novella Notes from Underground is considered one of the first works of existentialist literature.
Fyodor Dostoevsky was arrested in 1849 for belonging to the Petrashevsky Circle, a literary group that discussed banned books critical of Tsarist Russia. He was sentenced to death by firing squad, but the sentence was commuted at the last moment on the 23rd of December 1849 in Semyonov Place, Saint Petersburg.
Fyodor Dostoevsky served four years of hard labour at a katorga prison camp in Omsk, Siberia, after his death sentence was commuted. The exile was followed by a term of compulsory military service, and the experience inspired his novel The House of the Dead, published in 1861.
Anna Grigoryevna Snitkina was a twenty-year-old stenographer who helped Dostoevsky complete The Gambler in 26 days. They married in Trinity Cathedral in Saint Petersburg on the 15th of February 1867, and she later managed his publishing company and finances.
Fyodor Dostoevsky influenced writers and philosophers including Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Anton Chekhov, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre, along with the rise of Existentialism. Friedrich Nietzsche called him the only psychologist from whom he had something to learn, and his books have been translated into more than 170 languages.