Short answers, pulled from the story.
Madagascar formally became a French colony after Queen Ranavalona III was exiled, following the treaty she signed on the 17th of December 1885, which had made the island a French protectorate. The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies existed from 1897 to 1958.
Queen Ranavalona III was removed from power and exiled, first to the French island of Réunion and then to Algiers. In 1888, France had awarded her the grand cross of the Legion of Honour, the highest French order of merit, but this did not prevent her removal after she was forced to surrender the capital Tananarive to French forces in September 1895.
Casualty estimates for the Revolt of 1947 vary widely. The source records a range of 11,000 to 80,000 Malagasy killed, with one source placing the figure at 90,000. The uprising began on the 29th of March 1947 and eventually spread across one-third of the island before French reinforcements suppressed it.
The VVS, or Vy Vato Sakelika (Iron and Stone Ramification), was a secret society founded in 1913 in Antananarivo to affirm Malagasy cultural identity. It was led by Pastor Ravelojoana, a Malagasy Protestant clergyman inspired by the Japanese model of modernisation. The French suppressed the VVS brutally, though its existence contributed to Malagasy people gaining their first representative voice in government.
France abolished slavery in Madagascar in 1896, freeing over 500,000 slaves. Many former slaves remained in their former masters' homes, now working as servants rather than as enslaved people.
The MDRM, or Democratic Movement for Malagasy Restoration, was founded by Joseph Raseta, Joseph Ravoahangy, and writer Jacques Rabemananjara by early 1946. It had around 300,000 members drawn from across ethnic and social groups on the island. France outlawed the party following the 1947 uprising, despite the MDRM leadership maintaining it had not organised the revolt.