Short answers, pulled from the story.
Napoleon Bonaparte led the French First Republic forces during the June 1798 campaign against Malta. The island was then ruled by the Knights Hospitaller, an order that had lost its original purpose of fighting Muslims during the eighteenth century.
French forces landed at four locations across the Maltese Islands between the 10th and the 13th of June 1798. By nightfall on the 12th, the entire archipelago except Valletta was under French control.
Napoleon stayed first at Banca Giuratale then Palazzo Parisio for six days total upon his arrival at Valletta on the 13th of June 1798. He issued instructions that radically reformed Maltese government and society to align with French Republican ideals.
The Maltese rose up because the occupiers refused to pay existing debts while introducing new taxes and restricting Church privileges. Looting of churches began occurring within weeks of the initial takeover causing widespread resentment among the population.
This surrender made Malta a protectorate initiating 164 years of British rule over the islands. The final capitulation ended nearly two decades of Hospitaller sovereignty that had lasted since 1530.