When did the French Consulate begin and end?
The French Consulate began on the 9th of November 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte led the coup of 18 Brumaire. The period ended in 1804 when Napoleon declared himself Emperor.
Questions about French Consulate
Short answers, pulled from the story.
Who were the three consuls appointed to the new government after the coup of 18 Brumaire?
Napoleon Bonaparte served as First Consul while Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès and Charles François Lebrun held nominal roles as the other two consuls. These three men formed the initial leadership of the French Consulate following the overthrow of the Directory.
What constitutional changes occurred on the 2nd of August 1802 regarding Napoleon's power?
A national referendum held on the 2nd of August 1802 confirmed Napoleon Bonaparte as First Consul for Life with claimed approval from 99.7% of voters. This change was formalized by the Constitution of the Year X dated 16 Thermidor which granted him lifetime authority.
How did the Treaty of Lunéville affect France's position in Europe during the French Consulate?
The Treaty of Lunéville signed in February 1801 restored peace to Europe and gave Austria nearly the whole of Italy to France. This agreement allowed Napoleon to eliminate opposition leaders from the Assemblies during discussions of the Civil Code.
Why was Louis Antoine de Bourbon executed during the French Consulate period?
Louis Antoine de Bourbon the Duke of Enghien was arrested after being found guilty of violating Article 2 of a law passed on the 6th of October 1791. He was executed in the ditch of the fortress of Vincennes because he participated in a royalist plot involving kidnapping and assassinating Napoleon Bonaparte.