Short answers, pulled from the story.
Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford, was a British statesman born in London on the 12th of August 1868. He served as Governor of Queensland from 1905 to 1909, Governor of New South Wales from 1909 to 1913, and Viceroy of India from 1916 to 1921. He later served as First Lord of the Admiralty in Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government in 1924.
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were constitutional changes implemented during Chelmsford's Viceroyalty, developed jointly with the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Samuel Montagu. They gave greater authority to local Indian representative bodies. Chelmsford had persuaded London to send Montagu to India specifically to examine the possibilities for reform in person.
Chelmsford was Viceroy of India when General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to fire on an unarmed crowd at Amritsar on the 13th of April 1919. He was initially supportive of Dyer but eventually disciplined him following a ruling that condemned Dyer's actions. Indian nationalists considered the response too little, too late, and the Indian National Congress boycotted the first regional elections in 1920.
Chelmsford served as First Lord of the Admiralty in Ramsay MacDonald's 1924 Labour government because Labour had too few peers in the House of Lords to fill all ministerial posts. He agreed on the conditions that the Royal Navy's size would be maintained and that he would not attend cabinet meetings of a political nature. He was sworn in by King George V on the 23rd of January 1924 at Buckingham Palace and never joined the Labour Party.
After the 1907 Queensland election, Premier William Kidston asked Chelmsford to appoint new members to the appointed Legislative Council to break a legislative deadlock on electoral reform and wage-fixing. Chelmsford refused, then commissioned Opposition leader Robert Philp, whose government was promptly defeated in the assembly. Chelmsford granted Philp a dissolution when parliament was barely six months old, a decision the Colonial Office later acknowledged as a mistake.
Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford, died on the 1st of April 1933, aged 64, from coronary vascular disease. He was succeeded as Viscount by his younger son, Andrew Charles Gerald Thesiger, born on the 25th of July 1903, who became the 2nd Viscount Chelmsford.