Short answers, pulled from the story.
Franz Kafka was a German-language Jewish Czech writer born in Prague in 1883 and widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature. He is best known for the novella The Metamorphosis and the novels The Trial and The Castle, works that fuse realism with the surreal and feature isolated protagonists facing incomprehensible bureaucratic powers.
Franz Kafka instructed his friend and literary executor Max Brod to burn all his diaries, manuscripts, and letters unread after his death. Brod refused, having already told Kafka, "I shall not carry out your wishes," and published the novels and collected works between 1925 and 1935, which brought Kafka eventual acclaim.
Kafkaesque describes situations of bizarre, surreal dread under incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers, like those depicted in Franz Kafka's writings. The term entered the lexicon from his fiction, in which isolated protagonists confront remote, inaccessible authorities, as in The Trial and The Castle.
Franz Kafka died on the 3rd of June 1924, aged 40, at Hugo Hoffmann's sanatorium in Kierling outside Vienna. The cause appeared to be starvation, because his laryngeal tuberculosis made eating too painful and parenteral nutrition had not yet been developed.
Franz Kafka trained as a lawyer and was awarded a Doctor of Law on the 18th of June 1906. He worked at the insurance company Assicurazioni Generali from 1907, then joined the Worker's Accident Insurance Institute for the Kingdom of Bohemia, assessing compensation for injured industrial workers.
Franz Kafka had a strained and formal relationship with his father, Hermann Kafka, a domineering Prague businessman. Kafka detailed his complaints in Brief an den Vater, his Letter to His Father, which ran to more than 100 pages and described being profoundly affected by his father's authoritarian and demanding character.