Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name Fontainebleau means Spring of beautiful water and derives from a natural fresh water spring located in the English garden. Scribes recorded the location as Fons Bleaudi or Fons Bliaudi during the 12th and 13th centuries before King Louis IX allegedly found his hunting dog named Blaud by this same spring.
Francis I transformed the country house into a true royal palace between 1494 and 1547. He reconstructed and expanded the château until it became his favorite residence alongside Anne, duchess of Étampes.
Louis XIV signed the Edict of Fontainebleau on the 18th of October 1685 to reverse permission granted to Huguenots in 1598 to worship publicly. A large number of Protestants were forced to convert or enter exile mainly in England following this royal fiat.
The area is particularly popular among climbers because it is the biggest developed bouldering area in the world. The forest contains prehistoric rock engravings alongside its modern climbing routes while populations of birds, mammals, and butterflies thrive within these boundaries.
The Franco-Vietnamese Conference ended in failure here during July and August 1946. The town hosted riding portions of the 1924 Summer Olympics near a golf course before INSEAD business school occupied the European campus at the edge of Fontainebleau.