Short answers, pulled from the story.
Florence Nightingale was an English social reformer, statistician, and the founder of modern nursing. She came to prominence managing and training nurses during the Crimean War and is remembered as "The Lady with the Lamp."
Florence Nightingale was born on the 12th of May 1820 at the Villa Colombaia in Florence, Tuscany. She was named after the city of her birth, and her family moved back to England in 1821.
Florence Nightingale arrived at the Selimiye Barracks in Scutari in November 1854 with 38 women volunteer nurses to care for wounded British soldiers. During her first winter there 4,077 British soldiers died, and a Sanitary Commission sent in March 1855 flushed the sewers and improved ventilation, after which death rates fell sharply.
Florence Nightingale gained the nickname from a report in The Times that described her making solitary night rounds with a little lamp in her hand after the medical officers had retired. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow popularised the image further in his 1857 poem "Santa Filomena."
Florence Nightingale founded the Nightingale Training School at St Thomas' Hospital on the 9th of July 1860, using 45000 from the Nightingale Fund. It was the first secular nursing school in the world and is now the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery at King's College London.
Florence Nightingale was a pioneer in the visual presentation of data and is known for the polar area diagram, also called the Nightingale rose diagram, which she used to show seasonal patient mortality. She was elected the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society in 1859 and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association in 1874.
Florence Nightingale died in her sleep at 10 South Street, Mayfair, London, on the 13th of August 1910, at the age of 90. Her relatives declined burial in Westminster Abbey, and she was buried in the churchyard of St Margaret's Church in East Wellow, Hampshire.