Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Kosi River of India shifts its channel by as much as 10 meters per year. This rapid movement creates a dynamic landscape where the river constantly erodes one bank while depositing sediment on the other.
The 1931 China floods killed millions of people making them the deadliest natural disaster excluding famines and epidemics. This event followed the 1887 Yellow River flood which claimed around one million lives.
Sedimentation rates on the Meuse and Rhine Rivers reached between 0.57 and 1.0 kg per square meter during a three-day flood in 1993. Higher deposition occurred on levees where sediment accumulation exceeded 4 kg/m2.
English Indiana represents a whole town completely relocated to remove itself from the floodplain entirely. Local governments must ensure new residential structures reach at least the level of the 100-year flood.
Human disturbance has shifted European primeval forests from 60% oak dominance to just 25%. Ash now comprises nearly half of remaining tree populations while maple increases to 14 percent.