Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Fifth Dynasty of Egypt lasted around 150 years, from the early 25th century BC to the mid 24th century BC. Nine kings ruled in succession during this period. Manetho assigned 248 years to the dynasty, but modern scholars consider 150 years the more accurate figure.
The nine known rulers of the Fifth Dynasty were Userkaf, Sahure, Neferirkare Kakai, Neferefre, Shepseskare, Nyuserre Ini, Menkauhor Kaiu, Djedkare Isesi, and Unas. Their reigns ranged from a few months, in the case of Shepseskare around 2458 BC, to over thirty years in the case of Unas, who reigned from around 2375 BC to around 2345 BC.
The Pyramid Texts are the earliest known funerary prayers inscribed on royal tombs. They first appeared during the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. The most notable example is found in the tomb of Unas, the dynasty's last king, where the cult of Osiris also makes one of its earliest prominent appearances.
Fifth Dynasty pharaohs from Userkaf through Menkauhor Kaiu built temples dedicated to Ra at or near Abusir. This string of solar sanctuaries reflects the growing importance of the Ra cult during the dynasty. The royal palaces, despite Manetho's claim about Elephantine, were located at Ineb-hedj, the city called White Walls.
Ptahhotep was a vizier to Fifth Dynasty pharaoh Djedkare Isesi, who reigned from around 2414 BC to around 2375 BC. Later copyists attributed to him a work called the Maxims of Ptahhotep, which became one of the most celebrated texts of Egyptian wisdom literature.
Fifth Dynasty expeditions mined turquoise and copper in the Sinai at Wadi Maghareh and Wadi Kharit, and quarried gneiss northwest of Abu Simbel. Trade caravans reached Punt to the south for malachite, myrrh, and electrum. Diplomatic expeditions also reached the Phoenician city of Byblos, and objects bearing Dynasty V royal names have been found at Dorak near the Sea of Marmara.