Short answers, pulled from the story.
The FIFA Council is the main decision-making body of FIFA between sessions of the FIFA Congress. It is a non-executive, supervisory and strategic institution that sets the vision for FIFA and global football, determines the dates, locations and formats of tournaments, and appoints FIFA delegates to the International Football Association Board.
The FIFA Council has 37 members in total. They include the FIFA President, vice-presidents and members drawn from the six confederations: CONMEBOL, AFC, UEFA, CAF, CONCACAF, and OFC. UEFA holds the largest bloc with three vice-presidents and six members.
The FIFA Executive Committee held its final meeting on the 18th of March 2016. The new FIFA Council came into force on the 30th of September 2016, following the 2016 FIFA Extraordinary Congress, which approved the new statutes and structure.
On the 27th of May 2015, fourteen top football officials were arrested in Switzerland, including executive committee members. Those facing extradition to the United States included Webb, Warner, Figueredo, Eduardo Li, Julio Rocha, Costas Takkas, Rafael Esquivel, José Maria Marin, and Nicolás Leoz.
In November 2010, Adamu was banned for three years and fined 10,000 Swiss Francs, while Temarii was banned for one year and fined 5,000 Swiss Francs. Their removal reduced the voting pool for the World Cup host-nation decision from 24 members to 22, and lowered the winning threshold from 13 votes to 12.
David Gill refused his role as British FIFA Vice-president because Sepp Blatter was re-elected for a fifth presidential term. Gill stated he would not serve in any capacity under a Blatter regime. Four days later Blatter announced he was stepping down, prompting Gill to say he would reconsider his resignation.