Short answers, pulled from the story.
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was born on the 13th of August 1926 at his father's farm in Birán, a remote area of eastern Cuba. He was the second son of Ángel Castro y Argiz and Lina Ruz González and was sent to live with a teacher in Santiago de Cuba at the age of six.
The attack on the Moncada Barracks took place on the 26th of July 1953 and resulted in 6 fatalities and 15 other casualties among the rebels while the army suffered 19 dead and 27 wounded. Castro was subsequently sentenced to 15 years imprisonment in the Model Prison on the 16th of October 1953.
Fidel Castro was sworn in as Prime Minister of Cuba on the 16th of February 1959 after the overthrow of dictator Fulgencio Batista. He had entered Havana on the 9th of January 1959 and established his office in the penthouse of the Havana Hilton Hotel.
The United States ended diplomatic relations with Cuba in January 1961 after Fidel Castro ordered the US Embassy to reduce its staff. This action followed the US prohibition of most exports to Cuba on the 13th of October 1960 and the nationalization of US-owned assets.
The Bay of Pigs Invasion occurred on the 16th of April 1961 when Brigade 2506 landed along Cuba's Bay of Pigs and engaged in a firefight with a local revolutionary militia. Castro forced the Brigade to surrender on the 20th of April after ordering a counter-offensive.