Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ferdinand VII was born on the 14th of October 1784 in the palace of El Escorial near Madrid. He spent his youth as an heir apparent excluded from any participation in government by his parents and their favourite advisor Manuel Godoy.
Napoleon kept Ferdinand VII under guard in France for six years at the Château de Valençay after the king abdicated on the 6th of May 1808. Historian Charles Oman records that the choice of Valençay was a practical joke by Napoleon on his former foreign minister Talleyrand, the owner of the château.
Ferdinand VII ordered the abolition of the Constitution of 1812 on the 4th of May 1814 and had liberal leaders arrested on the 10th of May. He claimed the constitution was made by a Cortes illegally assembled without his consent and never convened a traditional Cortes to replace it.
Ferdinand VII publicly declared all Spanish freemasons to be traitors on the 4th of May 1814 and suppressed Masonic Lodges with support from Pope Pius VII. He blamed Freemasonry for the 1820 coup and the loss of Spanish colonies in Latin America while members who would not renounce Freemasonry were hanged.
Ferdinand VII published the Pragmatic Sanction in May 1830 which allowed daughters to succeed to the Spanish throne as well as sons. This decree displaced his uncle Infante Carlos María Isidro of Spain in the line of succession after his wife gave birth to a daughter named Isabella on the 10th of October 1830.