Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor was born on the 10th of March 1503 in Alcalá de Henares, Castile. He was the second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile and raised in the royal household of his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon.
Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor fled to Bohemia for refuge when Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent launched a massive assault on his capital during the Siege of Vienna in 1529. The Austrian lands were in miserable economic and financial conditions and he was forced to introduce the so-called Turk Tax for the war against the Ottomans.
Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor died in Vienna in 1564 and was buried in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. He was the last King of Germany crowned in Aachen and his death marked the end of an era while his legacy lived on through the institutions he had built.
The Peace of Augsburg signed by Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor on the 25th of September 1555 established three principles including cuius regio eius religio which provided for internal religious unity within a state. The second principle called the ecclesiastical reservation covered the special status of the ecclesiastical state and the third principle known as Ferdinand's Declaration exempted knights and some cities from the requirement of religious uniformity.
Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor succeeded Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor in 1556 and the Imperial Diet did not accept the Imperial succession until the 3rd of May 1558. He secured the succession of his son Maximilian II who was elected King of the Romans in December 1562 and crowned King of Hungary in 1563.