Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Federal State of Austria existed as a sovereign state between 1934 and 1938. It began on the 1st of May 1934 when the Constitution was recast into an authoritarian document and ended with the Anschluss in March 1938.
Karl von Vogelsang and Vienna mayor Karl Lueger forged the conservative-clerical Christian Social Party in the 1890s. Engelbert Dollfuss later adopted these views when he became Chancellor in 1932 to establish the regime.
The government attempted to enforce the ban of the Schutzbund at the Hotel Schiff in Linz on the 12th of February 1934 which sparked the Austrian Civil War. The conflict ended with the ban of the Social Democratic Party and trade unions across Austria.
Police raided 106,000 homes in Vienna and made 38,141 arrests of Nazis, social democrats, liberals and communists in 1934 alone. This crackdown occurred while the regime ruled under what amounted to martial law until Dollfuss assassination on the 25th of July 1934.
Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded Dollfuss as education minister and took over leadership of the state following the assassination on the 25th of July 1934. He later tried to improve relations with Nazi Germany before being forced out in March 1938.