Short answers, pulled from the story.
The FBI was established on the 26th of July 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation, abbreviated BOI. Its name changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935, following a brief period as the Division of Investigation after 1933.
J. Edgar Hoover served as director for 48 years, from 1924 until his death in 1972, spanning the BOI, DOI, and FBI. After his death, Congress passed legislation limiting future directors to a ten-year term.
In fiscal year 2019, the FBI's total budget was approximately $9.6 billion. For fiscal year 2021, the bureau requested $9,800,724,000, with the majority allocated to salaries and expenses.
COINTELPRO, short for Counter-Intelligence Program, was an FBI operation designed to expose, disrupt, and neutralize dissident political organizations within the United States. Its targets included both militant and non-violent groups, among them the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
The FBI operates 56 field offices in major U.S. cities, more than 400 resident agencies across the country, and 60 Legal Attache offices abroad. Its total workforce numbers 33,852 employees, including 13,412 special agents.
The FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of the March 1965 murder of Edward "Teddy" Deegan in order to protect informant Vincent Flemmi. Two of the men died in prison after nearly thirty years; the other two were released after serving thirty-two and thirty-six years. In July 2007, a federal judge found the FBI had used false testimony from mobster Joseph Barboza, and the U.S. Government was ordered to pay $100 million in damages.