Short answers, pulled from the story.
Father of the Nation is an honorific given to a person considered the driving force behind the establishment of a country, state, or nation. Its origins lie in the Roman title Pater Patriae, meaning Father of the Fatherland, which the Roman Senate originally bestowed on heroes and later on emperors.
George Washington is commonly considered the Father of the Nation in the United States, carrying the title Father of His Country. He is recognized for commanding the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, presiding over the Constitutional Convention, and serving as the first President of the United States.
Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire, who ruled from 1971 to 1997, was styled Father of the Nation alongside titles including the Guide, the Messiah, and the Sun-President. Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Togo also held the title, as did Saparmurat Niyazov of Turkmenistan, who ruled as president for life from 1991 to 2006 under the self-given name Türkmenbaşy.
The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh formally declared Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be father of the nation, making it one of the few cases where the title was embedded directly in a country's founding legal document.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's title was granted not as a conventional honorary title but as a legal surname under Turkey's 1934 Surname Law, which established surnames in the country. Atatürk means Father of the Turks, making it the only case where the fatherhood honorific became a person's permanent family name.
In postcolonial Africa, Father of the Nation served two purposes: it connected leaders to the independence movement as a source of political legitimacy, and it used paternalist symbolism to maintain popular support after independence was won. Leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, and Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya all carried versions of the title.