Short answers, pulled from the story.
Benito Mussolini led Fascist Italy as prime minister from 1922 to 1943, governing through the National Fascist Party. He was arrested in July 1943 and later headed the German-controlled Italian Social Republic until his death in 1945.
The Lateran Accord of 1929 was a treaty between Mussolini's government and the papacy that recognized the Pope as sovereign of the new Vatican City state. A companion Concordat made Catholicism the state religion and brought religious instruction into public schools.
Fascist Italy adopted the Manifesto of Race and the Racial Laws in 1938, stripping Jews of citizenship and barring marriage between Italians and Jews or Africans. The Grand Council finalized the decision on the night of the 6th and the 7th of October 1938 in Rome's Palazzo Venezia.
Fascist Italy invaded Ethiopia in October 1935 to expand its colonial empire, launching the Second Italo-Ethiopian War from Eritrea and Somaliland after a border clash at Wal-Wal. The League of Nations condemned the invasion, leading Italy's Grand Council of Fascism to vote for withdrawal from the League in December 1937.
Fascist Italy ended after King Victor Emmanuel III had Mussolini arrested in July 1943 following the Allied invasion of Sicily. Italy signed an armistice with the Allies in September 1943, and Mussolini was captured and executed by partisans on the 28th of April 1945.
Fascist Italy's only concentration camp was the San Sabba Rice Mill in Trieste, where roughly 6,000 Jews, Slovenians and members of the Italian Resistance were murdered. Deportations began only after the September 1943 armistice, when Germany occupied northern Italy.