Short answers, pulled from the story.
Muhammad Farrukhsiyar was born on the 20th of August 1683 in Aurangabad, a city on the Deccan Plateau. He was the son of a Kashmiri mother named Sahiba Niswan and a father who was a grandson of the great emperor Bahadur Shah I.
Farrukhsiyar defeated his uncle Jahandar Shah in the decisive battle on the 10th of January 1713 at Samugarh, east of Agra. He proclaimed himself emperor the following day and captured the Red Fort in Delhi by the 12th of February 1713.
The Sayyid brothers, Abdullah Khan and Hussain Ali Khan, held the real power and became de facto rulers of the empire. Abdullah Khan served as wazir or prime minister while Hussain Ali Khan served as Mir Bakhshi or Commander-in-Chief.
Farrukhsiyar ordered the execution of Banda Singh Bahadur and his followers on the 19th of June 1716 in Delhi. The execution involved gouging out eyes, severing limbs, and removing skin before killing the prisoners to terrorize the population.
Farrukhsiyar issued a farman in 1717 granting the British East India Company the right to reside and trade in the empire for a yearly payment of 3,000 rupees. This decree allowed the company to issue dastak passes for duty-free trade in Bengal.
Farrukhsiyar was captured, blinded, and eventually killed in prison in February 1719 after the Sayyid brothers replaced him with Prince Rafi-ud-darjat. He was forced to hide in the women's quarters before being seized by the forces of Husain Ali Khan.