Short answers, pulled from the story.
False attribution occurs when credit for a quotation or work is given to the wrong person. This error can happen by accident, through long-standing tradition, or because of bad information passed from one source to another.
The Matthew effect describes a process where attributing a quote to someone more famous makes the saying more popular while erasing the identity of its actual writer. Scholars use this term after a biblical verse about the rich getting richer to explain how fame distorts historical accuracy over time.
Some pseudepigrapha texts were written centuries after the figures they claim to represent. These books carry false names and exist alongside canonical scriptures but hold a different status within religious thought.
A fraudulent advocate created the Levitt Institute in 2009 as an entirely fake organization to support a specific claim. The entity was designed solely to trick Australian media outlets into reporting that Sydney was Australia’s most naive city.
Quoting out of context constitutes another form of false attribution known as contextomy. This practice strips words from their original setting to change their meaning and leads to the true originator losing recognition.