Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act on the 2nd of December 1802 marked the first parliamentary attempt to regulate child labor in cotton mills. This act applied to all textile mills employing three or more apprentices.
Richard Oastler published a dramatic open letter in the Leeds Mercury newspaper in 1830 exposing terrible working conditions in Bradford factories. He claimed local child laborers were worse off than slaves on distant sugar plantations.
The inspectors appointed under the Labour of Children etc in Factories Act 1833 were largely ineffective simply because there were not enough of them to oversee all 4,000 factories on the island. The act established a professional Factory Inspectorate subordinate to the Home Office.
In 1867 the Factories Act was extended to all establishments employing 50 or more workers. A separate act applied to workshops establishing less than 50 workers subjecting them to requirements similar to those for factories.
Lord Ashley moved an amendment changing the definition of night to 6 pm to 6 am after allowing 90 minutes for meal breaks only ten-and-a-half hours could be worked. This passed by nine votes and effectively ended theoretical objections to the principle of factory legislation.