Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Ural Mountains stretch north to south creating a natural wall that separates European Russia from Siberia. The Ural River flows from these mountains down to the Caspian Sea marking another boundary line for this division.
European Russia occupies roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass while holding over 15% of the continent's population. This region accounts for 80% of Russia's total population with nearly 110 million people living across its western area.
Moscow serves as the nation's capital and largest city while Saint Petersburg functions as the cultural capital and second-most populous city. Twelve of sixteen Russian cities with over one million inhabitants lie within this western zone including Kazan Nizhny Novgorov Samara and Ufa.
Kievan Rus controlled large sections of today's European Russia from the late 9th to mid-13th century. Veliky Novgorod appeared as one of the first Rus regions according to the Sofia First Chronicle in 859 during the period when Varangians operated as eastern Scandinavian adventurers.
The GRDP of European Russia reached around ₽100 trillion or US$1.4 trillion in 2022. Six Federal districts divide the region administratively with the Central Federal District covering 650,200 square kilometers and holding over 40 million people.