Short answers, pulled from the story.
Yekuno Amlak founded the Ethiopian Empire in 1270 after defeating the Zagwe dynasty at the Battle of Ansata. He claimed to be a direct descendant of Menelik I and restored the Solomonic line of kings. This event established a new political order where the emperor served as a living link to biblical history.
The Ethiopian Empire ended in 1974 when the Derg military junta deposed Emperor Haile Selassie on the 12th of September 1974. The collapse resulted from the Wollo famine, urban discontent, and high fuel prices following the 1973 oil crisis. The monarchy was formally abolished in March 1975, and Haile Selassie died on the 27th of August 1975.
The Ethiopian-Adal War began in 1527 when Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi launched a jihad that nearly destroyed the empire. Portuguese musketeers arrived in 1541 to support Emperor Lebna Dengel and later Emperor Gelawdewos. The conflict ended with the Battle of Wayna Daga, which caused the Adalite army to collapse after the death of the Imam.
Emperor Menelik II secured independence by defeating Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. He repudiated a protectorate treaty in 1893 and used modern imported weaponry to win the First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Treaty of Addis Ababa signed in October 1896 forced Italy to recognize Ethiopian sovereignty and delineated the borders of Eritrea.
Haile Selassie fled to England in 1936 after Italian troops occupied Addis Ababa on the 5th of May 1936. He sought asylum in Bath, England, because British authorities did not want him to stay in London. He later traveled to Geneva on the 30th of June 1936 to plead with the League of Nations against the recognition of the Italian Empire in East Africa.
The Gondarine period began in 1636 when Emperor Fasilides founded the city of Gondar as a permanent capital. This era featured the construction of the royal complex Fasil Ghebbi and 44 churches around Lake Tana. It also produced notable philosophers like Zera Yacob and Walda Heywat and saw the successful integration of the Oromo people.