Short answers, pulled from the story.
Scholars argue that the English Renaissance began in either the late 15th century or the early 16th century during the reign of Henry VIII. The Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of this cultural shift.
The Protestant Reformation's call to let people interpret the Bible for themselves initiated a strong tradition of English vernacular literature. This movement led William Tyndale to publish his own translation in 1526 and Sir Rowland Hill to publish the Geneva Bible in 1560.
The English theatre scene featured giant figures including Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson alongside many other playwrights. These artists performed both for the court and nobility in private performances and for a very wide public in theatres.
England was very slow to produce visual arts in Renaissance styles because the English Reformation produced a huge programme of iconoclasm that destroyed almost all medieval religious art. This process effectively ended the skill of painting in England for centuries to come until foreign artists like Hans Holbein worked there.
In 1588 Nicholas Yonge published Musica transalpina which began a vogue of madrigal in England through an instantaneous adoption of Italian ideas adapted to local aesthetics. English poetry forms such as the sonnet were uniquely adapted to setting as madrigals allowing this transplantation to occur successfully.