Short answers, pulled from the story.
The English Reformation began when Pope Clement VII refused Henry VIII's request in 1527 to annul his 24-year marriage to Catherine of Aragon. In response, the Reformation Parliament (1529-1536) passed laws abolishing papal authority in England and declared Henry Supreme Head of the Church of England.
William Tyndale's English New Testament, published in 1526, was the first English Bible to be mass-produced; there were probably 16,000 copies in England by 1536. Tyndale's translation choices were deliberately anti-Catholic, including rendering metanoeite as repent rather than do penance, and his translation formed the basis of all subsequent English translations until the 20th century.
The Book of Common Prayer was a Protestant liturgy in English authorised by the Act of Uniformity 1549 during Edward VI's reign. It provoked the Prayer Book Rebellion in the West Country, the West Midlands, and Yorkshire, with considerable loss of life, as many people rejected the new Protestant service.
Mary I, who reigned from 1553 to 1558, revived the medieval heresy laws in 1555, authorising capital punishment for heresy, and restored Roman Catholic worship across England. Despite these measures, the five-year restoration ended when Mary died on the 17th of November 1558 and was succeeded by the Protestant Elizabeth I.
The Elizabethan Settlement re-established the Church of England through the Act of Supremacy 1558 and the Act of Uniformity 1559, which authorised a revised Book of Common Prayer. In 1571, the Thirty-Nine Articles became the church's formal confessional statement, creating a church that was Reformed in doctrine but preserved medieval Catholic structures such as bishops, cathedrals, and formal liturgy.
Catholics were allowed to vote and sit as members of Parliament in 1829 through Catholic emancipation. Penal laws had begun to be repealed gradually from the 1770s, and the underground Catholic church organisation in England had remained illegal until the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829.