Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name England derives from the Old English word Englaland, meaning land of the Angles, a Germanic tribe that arrived from the Angeln region of what is now Schleswig-Holstein during the fifth and sixth centuries.
The political unification of England was first accomplished under King Aethelstan in 927 and definitively established after further conflicts by Eadred in 953.
Henry VIII broke from communion with the Catholic Church under the Acts of Supremacy in 1534, proclaiming the monarch head of the Church of England.
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences, founded on the 28th of November 1660.
England has over 56 million inhabitants, accounting for 84% of the combined total of the United Kingdom, and would be the 26th largest country by population in the world if measured against international states.
The Severn is the longest river flowing through England, but the longest river entirely in England is the Thames.