Short answers, pulled from the story.
Enclosure, also spelled inclosure in laws and statutes, was the appropriation of waste or common land, fencing it off, and depriving commoners of their traditional rights of access and use. It re-allocated scattered strips of land into large new fields closed by hedges, walls, or fences and reserved for individual owners or their tenants.
The stated justification for enclosure was to improve the efficiency of agriculture, but there were a range of motives, including that the value of the enclosed land would be substantially increased. In the Tudor period, large profits from wool encouraged manorial lords to convert arable land to sheep pasture.
Between 1604 and 1914 there were more than 5,200 inclosure bills covering 6,800,000 acres, which equated to approximately one fifth of the total area of England. The first enclosure by act of Parliament came in 1604, for Radipole in Dorset.
The Newton Rebellion took place on the 8th of June 1607, when over a thousand people gathered at Newton, near Kettering, to protest the enclosures of Thomas Tresham by pulling down hedges and filling ditches. In the pitched battle that followed, 40 to 50 people were killed and the ringleaders were hanged and quartered.
Captain Pouch was John Reynolds, who led the Midland Revolt against enclosures in May and June 1607 and was thought to be an itinerant pedlar or tinker from Desborough, Northamptonshire. He claimed authority from the King and the Lord of Heaven and promised his pouch would protect protesters, but when captured it held only a piece of mouldy cheese.
The Norfolk four-course system was a key innovation behind enclosure, increasing crop and livestock yields by rotating wheat, turnips, barley, and clover and ryegrass over four years to improve soil fertility and reduce fallow periods. It was not realistic under the open field system because unrestricted access meant other villagers' livestock would graze on the turnips.