Short answers, pulled from the story.
Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov developed the first persistent electric arc in 1802. This breakthrough followed Alessandro Volta's creation of the voltaic pile between 1799 and 1800.
The first practical LED arrived in 1962. Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation demonstrated the first high-brightness blue LED in 1994 which led to the development of white LEDs for general lighting by the start of the 21st century.
Georges Claude introduced the first neon light in 1910. He lit the peristyle of the Grand Palais in Paris with neon tubes during the 1910 Paris Motor Show.
Fluorescent lamps typically use around one-quarter to one-third the power of an incandescent bulb for the same amount of light generated. The typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50, 100 lumens per watt.
William D. Coolidge applied for a patent in 1912 for the tungsten filament. This innovation became a standard for incandescent bulbs for many years before their phase-out worldwide in the first few decades of the 21st century.