Short answers, pulled from the story.
The earliest shrines appeared in prehistoric Egypt during the late fourth millennium BC at sites such as Saïs and Buto in Lower Egypt. These early structures were made of perishable materials like wood, reed matting, and mudbrick.
Maintaining maat was the entire purpose of Egyptian religion and it was the purpose of a temple as well. The term Egyptians most commonly used to describe the temple building was hwt-ntr which means mansion or enclosure of a god.
Much of a temple's economic support came from its own resources including large tracts of land producing grain fruit or wine or supporting herds of livestock. Some of the temple's supplies came from direct donations by the king while other revenue came from private individuals who offered land slaves or goods to temples.
Priests performed the temple's essential ritual functions but in Egyptian religious ideology they were far less important than the king. All ceremonies were in theory acts by the king and priests merely stood in his place.
After Rome conquered the Ptolemaic kingdom in 30 BC Roman emperors took on the role of ruler and temple patron. Temple-building continued into the third century AD before imperial donations dried up during the crisis of the third century.