Short answers, pulled from the story.
Edward III was born at Windsor Castle on the 13th of November 1312. His arrival marked a turning point in a reign defined by chaos as his father Edward II had alienated nearly every noble in the kingdom.
Edward III executed a daring coup d'état against Roger Mortimer and his mother Isabella of France on the 19th of October 1330. He surprised Mortimer at Nottingham Castle aided by William Montagu 3rd Baron Montagu and a small group of trusted men.
Philip VI of France confiscated the English king's Duchy of Aquitaine and the county of Ponthieu in 1337 prompting Edward III to lay claim to the French crown. This decision ignited the Hundred Years War a conflict that transformed England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe.
The Black Death struck England in 1348 killing a third or more of the country's population and creating a severe labor shortage that reshaped the economy and society. In response the King and Parliament passed the Ordinance of Labourers in 1349 and the Statute of Labourers in 1351 attempting to fix wages at pre-plague levels.
The Good Parliament of 1376 saw the Commons for the first time precipitate a political crisis leading to the creation of the office of the Speaker and the procedure of impeachment. This period also saw the development of the Justices of the Peace who were given the power to investigate crimes make arrests and try cases.