Short answers, pulled from the story.
Edward Burnett Tylor (the 2nd of October 1832 - the 2nd of January 1917) was an English anthropologist regarded as a founding figure of social anthropology. His works Primitive Culture (1871) and Anthropology (1881) helped define the scientific study of anthropology and shaped the discipline throughout the nineteenth century.
Tylor defined culture on the first page of Primitive Culture (1871): "Culture or Civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." This definition remains one of his most widely recognised contributions to the field.
Tylor defined animism as faith in the individual soul or anima of all things and natural manifestations. He regarded it as the first phase in the development of religions, arguing it was the most basic and foundational form of religious belief from which all others evolved.
Tylor defined survivals as processes, customs, and opinions carried on by force of habit into a new state of society different from the one in which they originated. He used the European practice of bloodletting as an example: it persisted long after the medical theories justifying it had been abandoned. Studying survivals allowed ethnographers to reconstruct earlier stages of cultural evolution.
Tylor was appointed Keeper of the University Museum at Oxford in 1883. He held the title of first Reader in Anthropology from 1884 to 1895, and in 1896 became the first Professor of Anthropology at Oxford University. He was also closely involved in the early history of the Pitt Rivers Museum.
Tylor developed tuberculosis at age 23 and left England in 1855 on medical advice to travel to warmer climates in the Americas. During those travels he met Henry Christy, a Quaker ethnologist and archaeologist, whose influence sparked Tylor's lasting interest in anthropology and prehistoric studies. A trip to Mexico with Christy in 1856 produced Tylor's first publication, Anahuac, in 1861.