Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Han Chinese conquered the northern part of the Korean peninsula and established the province of Lelang in 108 BC. This event marked the beginning of Chinese influences taking root in Korea through the inclusion of the Chinese writing system, monetary system, rice culture, philosophical schools of thought, and Confucian political institutions.
Prince Naka no oe launched the Taika Reform in 645 AD to radically transform Japan's political bureaucracy into a more centralized bureaucratic empire. This reform drew inspiration from the Tang political system and established the foundation for Japanese culture as well as political and social philosophy.
The People's Republic of China was proclaimed on the 1st of October 1949 following the defeat of the Nationalist Republic of China government by the Communists. The government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan while the Korean peninsula was partitioned leading to the development of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea.
The city of Guangzhou is projected to experience the single largest annual economic losses from sea level rise in the world potentially reaching US$254 million by 2050. Under the highest climate change scenario and in the absence of adaptation cumulative economic losses caused by sea level rise in Guangzhou would exceed US$1 trillion by 2100.
The Russo-Japanese War occurred in 1905 and marked the first major military victory in the modern era of an East Asian power over a European one. Japan soundly defeated the stagnant Qing dynasty during the First Sino-Japanese War as well as defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War to assert itself as East Asia's most dominant geopolitical force.